Innovation to Sustainability of Lexus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advancement to Sustainability of Lexus - Essay Example 2010, p.1). This paper will at that point fundamentally talk about the supportable advancement consequences of Lexus Company according to Lexus CT 200h arrangement. Evaluative Points Innovation technique Lexus has been among the most elevated positioned organization in engine vehicle industry. The advancement of the name Lexus which is related with extravagance has pulled in numerous clients to these items since it is an image status. The organization has presented probably the most developed vehicle with current highlights to meet the users’ needs. The organization has open day meetings where they include their customers in showing their vehicles. The clients have had a chance to make their commitments on the brand of vehicle that they need. One of the significant parts of development in Lexus is to achieve upper hand inside the market. The organization conducts field consider and survey the customers’ tastes and inclinations in order to concoct vehicles that address t heir issues. The development in this organization has prompted ceaseless upgrades in the business. The vehicles are created with explicit highlights that suit explicit assignments. The materials used to build up the vehicles are blended in with synthetic concoctions along these lines making them increasingly strong. The vehicllles produced are alright for most clients. They utilize less fuel in this manner conservint the earth and saving money on fuel consumption. (Pellissier, 2008, p.98) Although this can be accomplished through numerous ways, the most concerning issue or challenge is the means by which to continue it particularly in the serious auto world where vehicles are uncovered each year. The organization items are being imitated by different organizations consequently losing inventiveness. The advancement accompanies extra cost along these lines making the cost of vehicles excessively high to the clients. The vehicles require normal It is critical to have serious markets ye t additionally it is similarly essential to take a gander at the association of firms. This is significant for upper hand since association is significant in deciding how assets are distributed and used. Lexus association is like that of its mom organization Toyota which is decentralized with every element being self-ruling (Stirman, Kimberly, Cook, Calloway, Castro, and Charns, 2012, p.1). Examination and advancements The organization has done numerous explores to come up vehicles that suit the necessities of various clients. The organization direct field studies to survey diverse territory with the goal that they can make vehicle for explicit territories. In the materials used to make the vehicle they direct tests to find out their solidness and quality. The vehicles have developed through numerous stages, plans and structures to meet the changing patterns in buyer tastes and inclinations. The organization has developed into a worldwide organization trading vehicles to all distric ts of the globe. The organization has set up get together auxiliaries in numerous pieces of the world to meet the buyer needs and needs (Roy, 1994, p.103). The innovative work have prompted dynamic change in the vehicles created by the organization. The vehicles of the organization have been customized to adjust to different socioeconomics. The investigates have set up elevated expectation on the nature of vehicle. The exploration and advancements have prompted an expansion in showcase for the organization items. The organization has scientist for various issues hence giving the organization an upper hand since the analysts are specific. The vehicles of Lexus are make as per the researchers’

300 Word Essay on Freedom of Religio Free Essays

300 Word Essay I picked opportunity of religion since it is the one bill of rights that I accept has the broadest development in the constitution. I accept that everybody has the privilege to put stock in an otherworldly conviction. That is the reason we have the foundation provision and the free-practice proviso. We will compose a custom article test on 300 Word Essay on Freedom of Religio or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Which were set up to shield the administration from meddling with the activity of religion. In any case, in today’s time the legislature has the option to confine the act of a religion, yet you despite everything have the opportunity to accept our own convictions regardless of whether no else trusts them. On the off chance that the opportunity of religion change wasn’t critical to this nation, at that point it wouldn’t exists. We would have one religion where essentially everybody would have a similar religion and there wouldn’t be a decent variety of societies in the country as there is today The option to have opportunity of religion likewise allows us to have and encounter various societies so we can learn and concentrate how others the country over accepts and lives. To rehearse sort out petition in state funded schools over this nation has been deleted yet the schools must permit their ways to be open after school hours for any strict exercises to occur for the individuals who need/need it. As I have quite recently graduated secondary school and saw with my own eyes how the schools have changed since this has happened. I saw numerous youthful youngsters requiring a strict figure in their life, to support them and to have a feeling of would like to continue carrying on with an unadulterated and clean life. In school we began a little gathering of understudies who needed to get together every morning to implore before we began the day, and we were told by are manager that we wouldn’t have the option to do this before the understudies and needed to discover an area to take these sorts of exercises. Be that as it may, tragically most have just taken the street of obscurity and pulverization and I’m frightened for my kids later on. The most effective method to refer to 300 Word Essay on Freedom of Religio, Essay models 300 Word Essay on Freedom of Religio Free Essays 300 Word Essay I picked opportunity of religion since it is the one bill of rights that I accept has the broadest extension in the constitution. I accept that everybody has the option to have confidence in a powerful conviction. That is the reason we have the foundation statement and the free-practice proviso. We will compose a custom paper test on 300 Word Essay on Freedom of Religio or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Which were built up to shield the administration from meddling with the activity of religion. Be that as it may, in today’s time the legislature has the option to constrain the act of a religion, however you despite everything have the opportunity to accept our own convictions regardless of whether no else trusts them. In the event that the opportunity of religion revision wasn’t imperative to this nation, at that point it wouldn’t exists. We would have one religion where fundamentally everybody would have a similar religion and there wouldn’t be an assorted variety of societies in the country as there is today The option to have opportunity of religion likewise allows us to have and encounter various societies so we can learn and concentrate how others the country over accepts and lives. To rehearse compose supplication in government funded schools over this nation has been deleted yet the schools must permit their ways to be open after school hours for any strict exercises to occur for the individuals who need/need it. As I have recently graduated secondary school and saw with my own eyes how the schools have changed since this has happened. I saw numerous youthful adolescents requiring a strict figure in their life, to support them and to have a feeling of plan to continue carrying on with an unadulterated and clean life. In school we began a little gathering of understudies who needed to get together every morning to implore before we began the day, and we were told by are boss that we wouldn’t have the option to do this before the understudies and needed to discover an area to take these sorts of exercises. Be that as it may, unfortunately most have just taken the street of obscurity and pulverization and I’m frightened for my youngsters later on. The most effective method to refer to 300 Word Essay on Freedom of Religio, Essays

Do You Have a Career Emergency Plan (Hint You Should)

Do You Have a Career Emergency Plan (Hint You Should) What would be going through your mind if you are in danger of being laid off?Or, you have got the vibe that your organization is about to do massive downsizing?Termination from the job is petrifying and disorienting.No matter what the reason is, it disrupts your habitual patterns and puts your life in a spiral.Getting fired is definitely intimidating and embarrassing, but being laid off is even more demoralizing.Both can land a severe blow to your self-esteem and self-worth, making you feel you are losing control of your life.However, you need not to worry because there are many things you can do to find your next opportunity before the impending termination.As a matter of fact, they are the part of a larger career emergency plan which every person, including you, must prepare before he is called for that fateful meeting with the boss.It will help you start searching for the new job in a more streamlined and organized manner. The career action plan incorporates some practical steps a nd it can become a blessing and a lifesaver when you need it the most.No one wants to think about being laid off from his job, but it can happen to anybody at any time.Unemployment can drive you to craziness, especially if you are an industrious person.Therefore, developing a viable plan is absolutely necessary if you want to easily deal with such a crisis.A ready-to-implement action plan can come to your rescue if you ever lose your job due to any reason.At least, it is better than roaming in the streets like a mad person and begging everyone to hire you.If you do not want to suffer from the same horrible fate, start creating your career emergency plan when you still have time.SIGNS OF A LOOMING LAY OFFThe signs of a looming termination are right before your eyes, especially if you analyze the events of the recent past.For instance, your boss is regularly holding performance discussion meetings with you, he is not satisfied with your performance and he says he is giving you a chanc e to improve.If you still fail to meet his expectations, he will have no other option but to lay you off.Most often, companies lay off their employees due to financial problems.The signs of impending lay off are also very obvious.Most organizations will predict dire financial circumstances in the coming months, also indicating that they will terminate some members of their staff.On the other hand, there are also some companies which fire their employees without giving any reason at all.ADDITIONAL SIGNS YOU MAY LOSE YOUR JOBThe following are some of the signs which suggest you are on the verge of losing your job.The organization is taking cost-cutting measures in all of its departments.The organization is not hiring replacements for employees who are leaving.Sales are currently very low and the sales projection is also gloomy.Your workplace remains on the edge due to an increasing number of closed-door meetings.Your workload has decreased considerably. Your boss is also assigning som e of your tasks to others.Your work is recurring but you are being given a lot of free time of late.Your department no longer considers you as a revenue generator.You are no longer invited to the meetings you have been part of for years.Your immediate manager has started to take a keen interest in the projects you are completing.He also wants you, more than ever, to follow set procedures for completing those projects.You will be able to establish what is going to happen by carefully observing these signs.However, never jump to the wrong conclusion because things might be different than you perceive of them.They can also indicate your company is fully capable and prepared to survive any economic recession.COMPONENTS OF A CAREER EMERGENCY PLANYou will have to include a lot of things in your career emergency plan and some of them are as follows.An Updated ResumeCreating and updating a resume is the most boring thing to do in this world.You do not find it interesting and something you m ust do even if you are actively looking for a job.Therefore, it is understandable that you totally forget your resume when you do have a job.However, there are many good reasons why you should keep updating your resume regularly.The least of these reasons is that you can start sending it to prospective employees the moment you are fired. Updating your resume is not very demanding either.All you have to do is set aside only 30 minutes every three months to add your achievements and duties to your resume. It is equally important to remove superfluous or flashy details.Similarly, create an Achievements Folder on your desktop or inbox, which may contain five start feedbacks you received from your clients, details of the awesome projects you have completed, or a big goal you have attained.You can easily return to this folder whenever you have to update your resume.Your resume should also contain your employment history as well as your current contact details. Furthermore, never use commo n names such as resume.com to save your file.A simple trick like saving your resume as yournameresume.com considerably increases your chances of getting an interview call.Also, prepare a basic cover letter you can customize according to the requirements of every job you apply to. Your cover letter must accompany all of your job applications unless stated otherwise.An Updated Linkedin ProfileLinkedIn is the largest database of job openings in the world. It has become the best personal branding tool over the last decade.LinkedIn has become a go-to source for people looking to hire the most talented professionals and the vice versa.It is becoming more and more important to create and regularly update your LinkedIn profile.Similarly, if you are in danger of being laid off, you can count on LinkedIn to save your skin every single time. What separates LinkedIn from other major online job boards in the likes of Monster, Dice, and CareerBuilder is its more than 225 million followers.Nowaday s, hiring managers expect you to have a LinkedIn profile.On the other hand, people do not take you as a career-oriented professional if you do not have one.After all, brand-conscious executives cannot ignore 225 million prospects.Another great thing about LinkedIn is that it offers crucial expertise and connections, enhancing your chances of success.The connections you make on LinkedIn are mostly professional, people who are looking for similar minded people with the same expertise and skills.More importantly, LinkedIn allows you to update your status regularly, instantly conveying a message to your connections, and millions of other people what you are up to.It is especially helpful when you are about to be terminated and are desperately looking for a new position.You can reach a wider audience on this amazing social network by joining groups, which provides you with added opportunities to land a job.Hiring managers will also take more interest in your profile if it is complete and updated. An updated profile also means you will remain visible to hundreds of thousands of recruiters who are looking to hire talented people like you.You must also use keywords relevant to your experience in your profile for them to easily find you.Keep in mind that hiring managers prefer social networking platforms such as LinkedIn over traditional job boards to discover potential candidates for their organizations.If you are looking for new resources to find a new job, LinkedIn is the portal to search.It is full of umpteen helpful resources you can use to find a job before you receive your termination letter.LinkedIn will let you find new companies in your own field, contact their hiring managers and leaders directly and opening doors to a lot of other opportunities.A Professionally Written and Ready to Send EmailAsking your network of friends and colleagues for assistance is one of the best job hunting techniques you can think of.Clearly explain to them what you want out of you r job hunt so they can inform you of the right opportunities.Most importantly, make it convenient for them to contact you and distribute your resume to different companies and hiring managers.It can be said with certainty that your friends will leave no stone unturned to help you, especially when you are trying to find a job.Therefore, have a professionally written email which you can readily send to your connections in case of an emergency.There are many brilliant resources available on internet from where you can take ideas about how to write a killer email.Hiring experts recommend preparing a basic email template just like your cover letter. You can quickly update the email, according to different job requirements, before clicking the Send button.Apart from the emails body, you also need to put special emphasis on its subject line. It is, in fact, the most important part of any email.A well-written and juicy subject line will entice the readers to open your email.They should be a ble to glean who you are by reading your subject line.Furthermore, it should clearly mention which job you are applying to.Another vital component of your email cover letter is the email signature, containing your contact details.The email signature will make it easier for prospective employers and companies to contact you.Include everything from your full name to your telephone number and physical and email address in your signature.Manage Your Network RegularlyThe strategy of sending emails to find a job will only work if you have a large network of friends, colleagues, and well-wishers.You also live in a fools paradise if you think your connections will help you even if you have not talked to them in ages.Well, you definitely can but believe it or not, you are not going to get the desired results.Put your network on top of your priority list and start interacting with most of them if you havent already. As mentioned above, LinkedIn is an incredible place to make new connections.T ry to keep up with everyone you know professionally on LinkedIn.Similarly, make a spreadsheet or a list of your top contacts with their phone numbers on your desktop.However, there is no point of having connections if you do not stay in touch with them.Remember that you are trying to find a job and these people can do a lot more for you than you can even imagine.Therefore, you need to contact your connections or even meet them in person periodically.Even small things such as liking their Facebook posts or retweeting their tweets can go a long way in securing you a job.Invite them to coffee or lunch every now and then.Congratulate them on their promotions, compliment them on their achievements and provide them with necessary support whenever they need any.You can also find out some other ideas here for keeping your network from growing cold.There should be at least 20 people in your list that can be most helpful when you are searching for a job, especially when you are about to be la id off.Subsequently, prioritize your relationships with them and try to keep up with them. They will not only help you find a new job but will also give a much-needed boost to your career as well.Collect Your Work Samples, Documents and Important ContactsOnce you have realized that things are going to take a turn for the worse, you should do everything in your hands to strengthen your resume.The best course of action is to start collecting your work samples, important details, contacts, performance reviews, and all the other supporting documents.Never wait for the final call by the human resource department. This is necessary because your boss can ask you to leave the office premises immediately.This usually happens when you have not been in good terms with higher authorities.So, do not take the risk and gather everything which can help you in your job search in time.Moreover, remove any sensitive information from your desk, computer, files, and the locker, etc.For example, you shou ld never keep your family pictures, educational certificates, details of any project you are taking on in the personal capacity, copies of your driving license and other such documents in your office computer or desk in the first place.But, if they have found their way to your office computer or desk somehow, remove them as soon as you get the news.Make a List of Companies You Want to JoinYou tend to send job applications to a large number of companies whenever your job is in danger. It is a natural reaction and there is nothing wrong with it.You are actually taking a sort of precautionary measures to avoid facing grave circumstances in the future.However, it is better to go for quality rather than quantity when it comes to job hunting.Making a list of fewer companies where you can work happily is much better than applying for every possible position even if it is not at all related to your skill set.It is recommended that you start compiling a list of your dream companies even if y ou are currently employed.The list should incorporate every possible detail about these companies such as their websites, their address and phone numbers, and links to their career pages if there is any.When the time comes to start applying for the job, you will not have to search the entire internet to find your favorite company, helping you to save a lot of precious time.To make things even easier, here is the  list of the top companies in the world you should try hard to join.Keep Searching for Jobs OnlineVarious job engines such as LinkUp are garnering immense popularity among job searchers.Against common perception, they are totally different from Job boards such as LinkedIn which show jobs posted by employers.You can actually save your precious time by using a job search engine.These engines enable you to easily search for jobs posted on companies websites and across different job boards.Take the example of LinkUp. By using LInkUp, you can only search jobs posted on the websi tes of various companies. Indeed, which is arguably the most popular job search engine in the world, shows jobs from the companies websites as well as job boards, different associations, and even newspapers.It enables you to search jobs on almost all of the Fortune 500 companies as well.To maximize the advantages of using job search engines, you must also create a list of keywords related to your desired job or position.These keywords will get a list of the companies you may be interested in within a fraction of a second.You will also get all the instructions you should comply with while applying when you click on any of these jobs.On some occasions, the job board may also direct you to the companys website as well.The bottom line is that you should be fully prepared, come the termination. Ideally, you must already have secured a job before your company finally lets you go.And the job search engines in the likes of Indeed and LinkUp can greatly assist you in accomplishing this task. Create Your Own Professional WebsiteIt is often said that you are invisible to the world if you do not have a personal website. It is the best method to brand yourself and promote your services.You need to have a website displaying all your skills, credentials and experiences, even if you are currently employed.Your website can come in handy in different situations such as in the case of a looming termination.It can augment your resume in addition to portraying you as a complete professional to the hiring manager. Even if no one visits your website, it can be a decisive factor when it comes to job search.Creating a website does not cost a fortune these days either, unless you want to have really advanced and customized design and functionalities.In fact, a simple portfolio website will do equally well for you.You can take a lot of inspiration for creating your own website from these simple yet elegant personal portfolio websites.A   personal website plays a pivotal role in showcasin g what you are capable of. It provides you with an opportunity to tell your story to the rest of the world.It is worth mentioning that your resume alone can no longer impress the hiring managers.As a matter of fact, most of the recruiters cannot establish the competitiveness of a candidate only from his resume.Therefore, you have to have a website to put yourself ahead of your competitors.Apply to Jobs on Companies WebsitesOne of the best sources of job listings is the websites of different companies.You should keep on applying directly on these websites, even if your job seems to be safe.This technique works better if you have a good idea of what kind of company you want to join in the future.Just go to Google, search companies you are interested in, and apply for the jobs on their websites.Even if you find a job on job boards and search engines, you will give your candidature a massive boost by applying directly on the companys website.First of all, your application goes directly to the hiring manager.Secondly, you will be able to track it on the companys online application tracking system.Keep Applying to Jobs through EmailsIn addition to applying to jobs through job boards, job search engines, and dedicated online hiring portals, you must not forget to apply via email.Some organizations, especially the startups and smaller companies cannot afford to develop or hire online job handling systems.They mostly hire through a word of mouth or prefer to receive job applications by email.Setting up a professional email address at the beginning can put your job search on the right track. It is time to discard unprofessional email addresses like yourprince@email.com.A professional email address normally only includes your name and in a few cases, some numbers. If you have a website, you can use your business email address to apply to jobs as well.Always Have a Plan BWhenever you plan for something, always prepare a plan B for it and same is true for finding a job whe n a termination looms large.Have you ever considered selling your spare stuff, doing freelancing or providing consultancy services to earn some extra money?You usually do not have time to even think about it when you have a nice job.But, formulating an overall outline of a plan containing things like what service you would offer, the rough pricing model, and the marketing techniques you would employ is really worth your time.It is particularly a great alternative for people occupying higher level positions or specialized roles in their organizations.While you are looking for your next full-time gig, you can earn handsome money by selling your services.Alternatively, you can bid farewell to a 9-5 job forever and choose entrepreneurship as a career path from now on. In either case, having a viable plan B will help you survive the job termination.Your Career Non-NegotiablesSome people get so panic by the termination that they accept the first offer letter that comes their way.Unfortuna tely, the result of making a decision in haste is always disappointing.You will not like your job at best and you will start your job search once again within six months at worst.Therefore, it is worth spending some time on identifying things you would never compromise in your career.What you absolutely want to have in every job you do?What are some of the things which make you cringe at your workplace?Determining your career non-negotiables will prevent you from accepting the wrong job offer or settling for less in your career.CONCLUSIONIt is a sad reality that no one wants to think or plan about the worse.People turn a blind eye to the fact that circumstances never remain the same.Tragedy can strike at any time and the wise people always have a plan of action to keep their spirits high and minimize the damage.Spend some time on getting your stuff together every two to three months and you will feel ready to face any kind of situation no matter how many hurdles are thrown in your w ay.

My Goal Of Becoming A Doctor - 909 Words

My goal of becoming a doctor was reinforced when I received shocking news that my grandfather has passed away from a heart failure. The feelings of emptiness consumed my inner being upon hearing the sad news. As a twelve year old immigrant, bilingual of Vietnamese American, I fully experienced the sadness and hardship caring for an old age family member that now has passed away. He was my beloved grandparent and was always there to raise me. I felt completely helpless and powerless, unable to prevent my grandfather from passing away. I became frustrated and started to ponder if the turn of events would have been any different if I had better insight to what medical care had to offer. I would have been able to advise my grandfather about his condition and perhaps his problem may have been preventable. I vowed to become a competent doctor to better understand my grandfather s death, and to make a real impact on preventing others’ loved ones from passing away due to my lack of me dical knowledge. I am determined to succeed. Before long, college started. To help meet end needs, I sought out a job as a medical assistant in an Ophthalmology office. First day on the job, I was directly involved in patient care. And inn this early path of working in the medical field, I was able to witness the patients smiles from treatments that are successful, to holding their hands, padding their back, and comforting them from news of losing their sight. I was able to feel some of the deepShow MoreRelatedEagle Scout Ambition Essay701 Words   |  3 PagesMy foremost ambition after becoming an Eagle Scout is to become a Doctor after graduating from Medical School. For me setting goals, are the steps to achieving my ambition. 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While in the operating room, I have learned a lot about the characteristics of a successful doctor and the pressures and stresses a doctor encounters. A doctor must have strong

Leadership Styles Behaviors - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 760 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Behavior Essay Did you like this example? Completing a project successfully is the main goal and duty of a leader or a project manager. And it can be extremely stressful while taking the right decisions for achieving the same. The leader should be able to adapt to any style for achieving the best and making his team work happily on every ground. The leader should always have a clear vision and should be able to motivate others. An inspiring leader can make any detached worker to be enthusiastic. He should be the problem solver of the team and an excellent decision maker. Decision making is very crucial when it comes to the leader. The Leader can have his own style of managing his team, which can be natural or adapted. It isnt mandatory that the leader should possess a certain type of style but can be a blend of many styles which would lead to the successful completion of the project. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Leadership Styles Behaviors" essay for you Create order We know, according to DSCS, the major leadership styles are DIRECT, SPIRITED. CONSIDERATE, AND SYSTEMATIC. And the leader has to go through various situations where he should be able to adapt to each style whereever necessary for the victorious ending of the project. The leader should really be good at establishing a great vision and outlining an appealing picture of where we are heading to, which is one of the main traits of a Dominant leader. Mean while, a motivating leader can only lead the members effectively towards that set goal and thats what we call Spirited Leader or Inspirational Leader. And then the leader should act as a Coach and help people to find their own solutions to problems, may be by listening or by asking. Also can look for suggestions that could find the missing element of the project success by discussing with the group members, usually following the Considerate leadership style. And it is very important that the management should be Systematic and planning, though in between you can communicate well and take suggestions from the team members. So in total, all the styles are needed at some point of management. There are many key style and presence issues a Program Manager should consider when he/she wishes to function as an optimum leader. VISION: The foremost quality a Project manager should possess is to have a great Vision and to try hard to reach that successfully. DECISION MAKING: A great leader has the capability of making the right choice and to take the appropriate decision. He knows to assign the tasks properly among the members. Always right decisions lead to the success of the project. COMMUNICATION: The leader who maintains good communication skills would be able to clearly articulate his vision, instructions and expectations to others. He should always be willing to interact and listen to his team mates and take feedbacks which would enable him to work in all environments. ADAPTABLE: The best leader has the ability to adjust and adapt to every working environment. Every time it isnt mandatory, that we get the best team members. But a leader becomes a great leader when he is able to mold the team in the right way. KNOWLEDGE: The leader should be qualified enough to guide his members with enough knowledge. The team should always feel confident about their manager who would be in charge of them. ATTITUDE: An optimal leader will always have a positive attitude through out his journey. Only happy people can make others happy. INTEGRITY: The leader should be able to gain the trust of the members and have to maintain it. PROBLEM SOLVING: The project manager should be capable of making right solutions at the right time. Only an optimum leader would be able to figure out the quick fix for any obstacle that come along the way. And never panic at any time when faced with a hurdle, which can lead to the failure of the leader. MOTIVATION: The leader should always be self motivated and should be ready to motivate his team members as well. Only through continuous inspiration, he can build a great team that would work diligently. So, as a bottom line, we could say that the leadership styles have to be used accordingly at various situations. It can be either self developed or learned through experiences. A leader can be a mix-up of all the styles. At the end, all that matters is the successful completion of the project. The leader can hence be consistent with successful project management. BIBLIOGRAPHY HBRS 10 must reads on Leadership https://aboutleaders.com/10-great-leadership-skills-of-project-management/#gs.cW2PDmY

Autobiographical Writing Free Essays

I still remember my visit to Oostende, a small town in Belgium, with school staff and students in Year 8. We went there to play in a football tournament against teams from all over Europe. To me, this trip is unforgettable because I had such a great time and I felt free from the troubles of school and life in general. We will write a custom essay sample on Autobiographical Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Oostende was a pleasant town on the coast of Belgium. Unfortunately, the sea was deemed hazardous so we weren’t allowed on the sandy beach. But that didn’t seem to affect the holiday. The nightlife was fantastic. The staff that came with us were Mr Fletcher, Mr Fuller and Mr Curry and they let us stay out until midnight. I think they let us stay out late so that they could get drunk! Every night after dinner I would go out and buy chips and coke. I hated the food in the hotel, infact I hated the entire hotel. When I told this to Mr Curry he said, ‘what do you expect for two hundred pounds’? We often went to the arcades and played games. Once we went to play pool in a club and I proved too good for my friends. In the end we got chucked out of the club for being too noisy. The teachers often fined us. We got fined for things like swearing or forgetting something. Thankfully I didn’t get fined too much but my friend Andrew got fined the most because he kept on farting! The football tournament was held in a leisure centre and it was held over three days. There were nineteen teams in the tournament and we were drawn in Group A with the stronger teams. We played well and after intense competition, ended the group in third place. This was a remarkable achievement for us as we were expecting to lose hopelessly to every team. I think we did this well because the holiday also allowed the team to bond with each other and great team spirit was created. By finishing in third, we had given ourselves an outside chance of making it to the final. The next day was the playoffs. We had to win four matches to make it into the final. We won the first three matches 3-0, with me getting a hat trick in the second match, and managed to scrape through to the final with a narrow victory over Chiswick United in the final game. We were ecstatic and jubilant about making it to the final but out coaches told us not to get arrogant and boastful. The final kicked off at three o’clock and proved to be a close encounter. The match was like a chess match; every move or pass had to be precise- there was no room for mistakes. Our star striker, Sanjay, had given us the lead thanks to an exquisite volley but a blunder by Sid, our keeper, meant we went to half time with the scores level. The scores stayed the same until the ninetieth minute. I collected a pass from Sanjay and he made a run towards the goal. I played a through ball into his path. The defenders didn’t move, as they were appealing for offside but the decision wasn’t given. He was onside. My heart was in my mouth. He was on his own with only the goalkeeper to beat. He deceived the keeper by pretending to shoot. All he had to do was to go around him. He did but just as he was about to shoot the keeper brought him down. The referee blew his whistle. He had given us a penalty in the final minute. Sanjay was our regular penalty taker but he got injured when the keeper brought him down. The team gathered near the penalty spot to discuss who should take it. The team was panicking and, as captain, I decided that I was the only person suitable to take the penalty. I was quietly confident of scoring because I enjoyed being in pressure situations. I placed the ball on the spot and stepped backwards measuring my run up. I looked up at the keeper and he snarled at me. He said a few words to put me off. It worked. Suddenly I wasn’t so confident anymore. My heart was beating like a drum and my legs felt like jelly. The goal was shrinking every time I looked at it. I tried to pull myself together. I picked a part of the goal to aim for and said a prayer. After putting my head down I started my run up and kicked the ball with the toe of my lucky Nike boots. The ball spent an eternity in the air. ‘Yeesssss’ the crowd shouted. The ball went in. The keeper dived the wrong way. I had won the tournament for the team. In a moment of sheer jubilation, I took off my shirt and ran around the pitch. As I reel back the memories in my head I still remember how I felt that Sunday afternoon. It was one of my proudest ever moments but there was an another moment that I was equally as proud of. On the final night of the holiday, the teachers called us to the hotel for a meeting. They told us they had really enjoyed this holiday and were really impressed by the way we had played. Furthermore they said that they used the money they collected for fines to buy trophies for us. There were four trophies to acquire, and I won the player’s player award. This was an immense honour for me as I was voted for by my fellow counterparts. I had a really valuable experience on this trip. I got to know people that I didn’t really know well and became more responsible for myself. I became more independent and gained maturity as the holiday went on. How to cite Autobiographical Writing, Papers Autobiographical Writing Free Essays Buzz. That’s the alarm. I guess it must be 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Autobiographical Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now 30 I reached from my warm quilt to activate the snooze button to grab an extra six minutes kip. Just turning over and getting comfy. Buzz. There it goes again. At this point I’ve also got my mom shouting up the stairs â€Å"Ian you’re going to be late for school if you miss the bus I’m not taking you† I kicked off the covers and dragged myself onto my feet. Half an hour later I was out the door jogging for the bus as it came up the hill. â€Å"Ian put your shoes on before you come to class, Ian take your coat off and sit down, make it look like your staying.† What a way to start the day nag nag nag. First lesson maths, â€Å"Ian take your coat off and sit down, Ian stop talking and pay attention.† The usual crowd in math’s just telling my mate about the weekend then all I hear â€Å"Ian get out.† So its 9.40 and here I am outside the door I Know more about this corridor than the cleaners. Oh no here comes the teacher think of a good excuse â€Å"Miss I was asking him the answer to a question.† Ring. Thank God for that. Its break time. Grabbed a can of coke from the machine and straight down the football pitch for a quick fifteen minute kick around before I was back in French and being nagged. Well least I thought I would be back in French in fifteen minutes. The game was in full swing we were playing the year 11. We were all over them I went in for a sly tackle and before you knew it I went down hit the floor, heard a snap, and I was nursing a funny shaped arm that looked like the u-bend of a sink. â€Å"Ian are you alright?† all the lads were shouting to me as I walked up the hill to Mr. Roycroft â€Å"Ian follow me mate I will take you to the office, that looks nasty I think you’ll have to go to the hospital.† Before you know it I was in the office with a crowd of spectators outside the door. If I had charged I would of made a fortune! In comes my sister â€Å"Oh my God. Oh my God, Ian are you alright? Does mom know yet?† Lying on the hospital bed with my shoes off everything started to sink in. Now the shock had passed the pain started to kick in I wasn’t even aloud pain killers until my parents arrived WHERE ARE THEY! First on the scene dad calm as ever â€Å"Oh dear you’ve made a mess of that haven’t you son what’s happening has anyone seen you yet.† So here I am lying in agony in a bed that more than a thousand people have been in with a dad as calm as ever and no doctors coming to sort me out although my arm is hanging off, I am obviously not very important. At least I didn’t have to go back to French and it looks like there wont be any school for a while I wonder if they’ll miss me? Eventually the doctors arrive like a pack of wolves gathering round me humming and arring talking about me like I was invisible. Ten minutes later they decide I needed to go to theatre to be put back to normal. They gave me some pain killers of some sort, which did the trick because the rest was a blur. â€Å"Ian it’s all over now you might feel some discomfort but the worst is over.† â€Å"Ian are you alright do you want me to prop up your pillows.† So in 24 hours I have got my arm in plaster to the shoulder I am lying in the same place as before, and I am in more pain now than when I did it. Next day nothing has changed not been out of bed and now I know these four walls just as well as the corridor outside the math’s room. â€Å"Ian I have some good news for you its time to go home and you will have to have six weeks off school.† That was the best news I had heard all year six weeks off school. Well I have had a really good rest without anybody nagging at me how long will that last I wonder? â€Å"Ian your teas ready. Are you listening to me? I hope you have been doing some of your school work. Ian answer me! Didn’t last very long I think I am going to change my name to Paul! How to cite Autobiographical Writing, Papers

Business Law for Human Right Code- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Law for Human Right Code. Answer: Issue According to the case facts whether Yasmin can take any legal action against the discrimination by the manager for feel her uncomfortable in the work place? Rules According to the employment law of Canada the federal and provisional government has set some rules for the employees where it has jurisdiction in a vast area of employment. The employment law has set the minimum standards of employment which includes the wages, vacation and holiday pay, notice periods for termination hours of work, leaves of absence and in some jurisdictions safety and severance payments for the employees in their work place (Porter, 2015). The Human Right Code has been also legislated for protect the employees from discrimination in their work place by other employees or employers. It protects those employees who faced discrimination in their employment. According to this code the employment is completely prohibited from any discrimination which includes race, sexual orientation, place of origin, color, ethnic origin, citizenship, marital status, ancestry, creed, sex (including sexual harassment and discrimination based on pregnancy), and age, record of offences, family status and disability in the work place. The Human Right Code also provided the concepts sof the right to equal treatment with respect to employment in the workplace (World Health Organization. 2015). The discrimination is completely prohibited under the Human Right Code which protects women from any sexual discrimination on the respect of the employment. The Canadian Human Rights Act has legislated for the protection for the discrimination in the employment. It also provided separate parts which protects the women from discrimination in their employment. Application According to the facts of the case Yasmin is a member of a visible minority in Canada. After a several tries recently she got a part time job at her university campus bookstore. A few weeks into her job, she begins to feel very uncomfortable around her book store manager. The manager often touch her, asks her to go out for drinks after work and tells sexual jokes when she is in the room. The whole situation makes her uncomfortable. She is facing discrimination in her work place by the employer. Therefore those acts defines the sexual discrimination under the Human Rights Act where it completely against of the employments. The Human Rights Act protects every woman from any discrimination which includes race, ancestry, and place of origin, color, citizenship, creed, sex (including sexual harassment and discrimination based on pregnancy), sexual orientation, and age, and marital status, record of offences, ethnic origins, family status and disability in the work place. The Canada government is against of the discrimination. Under this act every person has equal rights to be protected and getting equal benefits from the law without any discrimination where the person is discriminated according race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability (Barak, 2016). Conclusion According to the facts of the case it can be concluded that Yasmin can take legal actions against the book store manager for the sexual harassment she has been suffered under the Canadian Human Rights Act (Du Mont Forte, 2016). Reference Barak, M. E. M. (2016). Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Du Mont, J., Forte, T. (2016). Perceived discrimination and self-rated health in Canada: an exploratory study. BMC public health, 16(1), 742. Porter, J. (2015). Vertical mosaic: An analysis of social class and power in Canada. University of Toronto Press. World Health Organization. (2015). Sexual health, human rights and the law. World Health Organization.

The selfish gene theory Essay Example

The selfish gene theory Paper Therefore, if people acted purely in their self-interest as relayed in the often misunderstood purest form of the selfish gene theory, this person would not contribute to the common account in the first place and would reap the rewards of everyone else’s contribution. Contributions to the common fund started at approximately 50% of the total points of each player but this decreased over the course of the game as some people put less in the common account. Justifications for the decline in cooperation were that the only way to punish people who were not contributing to the common account was to decline to contribute to that account also. We will write a custom essay sample on The selfish gene theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The selfish gene theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The selfish gene theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It begs the question as to how sustainable cooperative and social behaviours are without a significant deterrent to behaving selfishly. When this game was conducted with opportunity to heavily punish non contributors by using their own points to deduct from those of the non-contributing players this was consistently selected. This pattern of behaviour meant that cooperation no longer decreased over the rounds so cooperative behaviour was maintained by reward and punishment as it often is in society. More recent neurobiological evidence supports the notion that even this seemingly altruistic behaviour by the actor is selfish at a genetic level, De Quervain et al (2004) found that when a person punishes another for non-cooperative behaviour the dorsal striatum is stimulated and as this is the circuitry involved in reward-related activity there is a direct fitness benefit being bestowed by this behaviour to the actor. Additionally, there are indirect benefits for the group to which the actor belongs as this behaviour increases their survival chances and productivity. Therefore the overall fitness benefits to the person’s genes through the ultimate maintenance of the group and societal norms which help to preserve that group outweighs the personal sacrifices made to maintain this system of cooperative and social fairness which has fitness benefits for those who engage in it (Hamilton, 1964, 1975). If selfish behaviour increases a persons’ overall fitness then it would seem obvious that genes which promote selfishness should increase their presence in the gene pool and that altruistic genes would therefore be outbred. This would mean that Dawkins (1976) explanation for cooperative and social behaviour would be fundamentally flawed. However, game theory has shown how important the combination of those who behave selfishly and those who behave in a seemingly altruistic way is to the evolution of the genes that promote these behaviours. A game called ‘prisoners dilemma’ demonstrates that when two people behave altruistically they increase the overall fitness of both parties and hence the gene that promotes this behaviour is likely to survive and be replicated. When both parties behave selfishly both decrease their overall fitness which makes the gene responsible less likely to survive and be replicated and when one partner behaves selfishly it is their own fitness that will increase but if there is discrimination from those who have the altruistic genes in their willingness to interact with those carrying the selfish gene then this explains why the population is not overcome by those carrying the selfish gene. Dawkins purports that consciousness has evolved to be able to override the influence of the genes and that the more executive decisions are made at the helm of this consciousness. It is the relationship between the genes and consciousness that determine how a person will behave and the influence of the environment and its culture shapes consciousness more than genes do. Dawkins acknowledged a meme as a unit of culture that can be passed from person to person at a much faster rate than genes would be and therefore memes create rules for cooperative and social behaviour and these rules help to maintain systems of cooperation by punishing those who do not engage fairly in social interactions. Therefore where behaviours cannot be explained by genes they are explained by memes and Cartesian-dualism. Because ultimately genes are primarily concerned with their own replication, they influence people to behave in ways that are most likely to meet this need; altruistic and cooperative behaviour has evolved as a consequence of its success at replicating itself and therefore cooperative and social behaviour is explained by the SGT as having evolved at the level of the genes through selfish means. Cooperative and social behaviour at the level of the organism is therefore only a mechanism to ensure that the needs of the genes are being met. The survival of the fittest is therefore not a competition for resources and advantageous selfish behaviour but it is an enhanced chance of survival and reproduction bestowed on those who behave in efficient ways such as through cooperative and social behaviours (Margulis Lovelock, 1974) Conclusively, Dawkins SGT appears to be able to offer adequate explanations for cooperative and social behaviours that enhance the fitness of the actor and those who share the same genes. If the fitness is not directly or indirectly enhanced with an immediate effect then this can be explained as having a lifetime fitness benefit by this same theory but it is worth noting that measuring lifetime fitness benefits is difficult to do which limits this explanation. The weaker the genetic connection between the actor and the recipient the weaker the theory becomes when offering explanations for cooperative and social behaviours, especially as the behaviour of the actor becomes increasingly altruistic. Therefore from the perspective of the SGT even apparently cooperative and social behaviour at the level of the organism is always one of selfish motivation at the level of the genes; put succinctly, ‘scratch an altruist and watch a hypocrite bleed’ (Ghiselin, 1974). References Dawkins, R. (1976). The selfish gene. New York: Oxford University Press. Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I II. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 7, pp. 1-52. Hamilton, W. D. (1975). Innate social aptitudes of man: An approach from evolutionary genetics. In R. Fox (Ed. ), Biosocial anthropology (pp. 133-155). New York: Wiley. Sachs, J. L. , Mueller, U. G. , Wilcox, T. P. , Bull, J. J. (2004). The evolution of cooperation. Quarterly Review of Biology, 79, pp. 135-160. Trivers, R. L. (1971) Evolution of reciprocal altruism. Q. Rev. Biol. 46, pp. 35-7. Gardner, A. , and West, S. A. 2004. Spite and the scale of competition. J. Evol. Biol. 17, pp. 1195–1203. Gardner, A. and West, S. A. 2006. Demography, altruism, and the benefits of budding. Journal of Evolutional Biology. 19, pp. 1707–1716. West, S. A. , Gardner, A. , Barton, N. H. (2007). The relation between multilocus population genetics and social evolution theory. 169, pp. 207–226. Maynard Smith, J. (1964). Group selection and kin selection. Nature, 20, pp. 1145-1147. Johannsen, W. (1911). The genotype conception of heredity, Amer. Natur. , 1911. 95. 1911-10005-00110. 1086/279202. Krebs, J. R. , Davies, N. B. (1993). An introduction to behavioral ecology. (3rd ed. ). Oxford, england: blackwell. de Quervain, D. J. , Fischbacher, U. , Treyer, V. , Schellhammer, M. , Schnyder, U. , Buck, A. , Fehr, E. (2004, August 27). The neural basis of altruistic punishment. Science, 305, 1254-1258. West, S. A. , A. S. Griffin, and A. Gardner. 2007. Social semantics: altruism, cooperation, mutualism, strong reciprocity and group selection. J. Evol. Biol. 20, pp. 415–432. West, S. A. , A. S. Griffin, A. Gardner, and S. P. Diggle. 2006. Social evolution theory for microorganisms. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 4, pp. 597–607. Griffin, A. S. , and S. A. West. 2002. Kin selection: fact and fiction. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17, pp. 15–21. Frank, S. A. (2003). Perspective: repression of competition and the evolution of cooperation. Evolution 57. pp. 693–705. Lehmann, L. , and L. Keller. 2006. The evolution of cooperation and altruism— a general framework and a classification of models. J. Evol. Biol. 19 pp. 1365–1376. Kummerli, R. , Gardner, R. , West, S. A. , Griffin, A. S. (2008) Limited dispersal, budding dispersal and cooperation: an experimental study. Ghiselin, M. (1974). A radical solution to the species problem. Systematic Zoology, 23, 536-554. Van Baalen M. and Jansen V. A. A. (2006) Kinds of kindness: classifying the causes of altruism and cooperation. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 19: 1377-1379 Heylighen F. (1992) Selfish Memes and the Evolution of Cooperation, Journal of Ideas , 2. pp 77-84.

Muselmann in Nazi Concentration Camps

Muselmann in Nazi Concentration Camps During the Holocaust, Muselmann, sometimes called â€Å"Moslem,† was a slang term that referred to a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp that was in very poor physical condition and had given up the will to live. A Muselmann was seen as the â€Å"walking dead† or a â€Å"wandering corpse† whose remaining time on Earth was very short.   How a Prisoner Became a Muselmann It was not difficult for concentration camp prisoners to slip into this condition. Rations in even the harshest labor camps were very limited and clothing did not adequately protect prisoners from the elements. These poor conditions plus long hours of forced labor caused prisoners to burn essential calories just to regulate body temperature.  Weight loss occurred rapidly and the metabolic systems of many prisoners were not strong enough to sustain a body on such limited caloric intake.   Additionally, daily humiliations and torture transformed even the banalest tasks into difficult chores. Shaving had to be done with a piece of glass. Shoelaces broke and were not replaced. A lack of toilet paper, no winter clothes to wear in the snow, and no water to clean oneself were just a few of the everyday hygiene problems suffered by camp inmates. Just as important as these harsh conditions was the lack of hope. Concentration camp prisoners had no idea how long their ordeal would last. Since each day felt like a week, the years felt like decades. For many, the lack of hope destroyed their will to live. It was when a prisoner was ill, starving, and without hope that they would fall into the Muselmann state. This condition was both physical and psychological, making a Muselmann lose all desire to live.  Survivors speak of a strong desire to avoid slipping into this category, as chances of survival once one reached that point were almost non-existent.   Once one became a Muselmann, one simply died shortly thereafter. Sometimes they died during the daily routine or the prisoner might be placed in the camp hospital to silently expire. Since a Muselmann was lethargic and could no longer work, the Nazis found them unuseful. Thus, especially at some of the larger camps, a Muselmann would be chosen during a Selektion to be gassed, even if gassing was not part of the primary purpose of the camp establishment. Where the Muselmann Term Came From The term â€Å"Muselmann† is a frequently occurring word in Holocaust testimony, but it is one whose origins are highly unclear.  The German and Yiddish translations of the term â€Å"Muselmann† corresponds with the term â€Å"Muslim.† Several pieces of survivor literature, including that of Primo Levi, also relay this translation.   The word is also commonly misspelled as Musselman, Musselmann, or Muselman.  Some believe that the term originated from the crouched, almost prayer-like stance that individuals in this condition took on; thus bringing forth the image of a Muslim in prayer.   The term spread throughout the Nazi camp system and is found in survivor reflections of experiences in a large number of camps throughout occupied Europe. Although the use of the term was widespread, the largest numbers of known recollections that use the term include a stop in Auschwitz.  Since the Auschwitz complex often acted as a clearinghouse for laborers to other camps, it is not unthinkable that it the term originated there.   A Muselmann Song Muselmnner (the plural of â€Å"Muselmann†) were prisoners that were both pitied and avoided. In the dark humor of the camps, some prisoners even parodied them. For instance, in Sachsenhausen, the term inspired a song among Polish inmates, with credit for the composition going to a political prisoner named Aleksander Kulisiewicz.   Kulisiewicz is said to have created the song (and a subsequent dance) after his own experience with a Muselmann in his barracks in July 1940.  In 1943, finding a further audience in newly-arrived Italian prisoners, he added additional lyrics and gestures. In the song, Kulisiewicz sings about the horrible conditions within the camp. All of this takes its toll on a prisoner, singing, â€Å"I’m so light, so slight, so empty-headed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then the prisoner loses his grip on reality, contrasting a strange giddiness with his poor state of health, singing, â€Å"Yippee! Yahoo! Look, I’m dancing! / I’m retching warm blood.† The song ends with the Muselmann singing, â€Å"Mama, my mama, let me gently die.†

The Argument in Favor of Arabic in Qatari Schools Term Paper

The Argument in Favor of Arabic in Qatari Schools - Term Paper Example Those who are elated believe that this is a â€Å"validation of their mother tongue† (Huge Response), while those who are opposed are incredibly worried about the job opportunities for graduates, as well as the universities international accreditation (Compromising). Thought his decision is doubtless controversial, it is also incredibly necessary – Qatar university has been bowing to international pressures and dissatisfying its student population for too long with its regressive insistence that all courses, regardless of subject, be taught in Arabic. This decision takes important choices out of the hands of students, where they belong. Probably the single most important reason to back this decision is that it further empowers students at the university to be in control of their own education. Previous to this decision, it was necessary for everyone entering the university to pass an English aptitude test (Arabic vs English), and those who failed to do so would have to spend one or more years on their English aptitude before being admitted. This is an incredibly foolish decision, as it forces every student, regardless of their particular need or career aspiration to undergo what could be for them unnecessary training. There is nothing stopping members of Qatar University who will need specialized English training to accomplish their goals in their careers from taking those English courses, yet this stops the wasteful practice of forcing someone who, for instance, is certain they want to achieve a career in the Qatari government, from learning a language that will not be useful to them. Beyond simply giving those who do not need specialized English the opportunity to learn without forcing themselves to learn a foreign tongue, this decision also provides more freedom for those who do wish to learn English as part of their education. Previously, such English abilities were a prerequisite to taking any class at the university. Now, students can choose when and how to be able to strengthen their English skills – they can do it before they attend the university, as they would have had to do under the previous system, but they can also now choose to take English classes along with their other studies, or even examine their job prospects after graduation, and then take additional English as necessary. When one examines the subjects covered by this decision, it simply makes good sense. The subjects now taught in Arabic will be â€Å"Law, Media Studies, Business Administration and International Affairs† – which all make sense to be taught in Arabic. Though in the 1980s it might have been necessary to speak English to succeed in those areas, more and more Arabic will be the norm as Arab countries grow more powerful and prominent on the international stage. Why, for instance, would someone studying Qatari law need to speak English? The law they will be studying and practicing is written in Arabic. Furthermore, more and more international corporations are establishing Arabic as a language of commerce so English requirements are less stringent than they used to be. Finally, a majority of students support this decision – by about twenty percent (Huge Response). It is understandable that many people think speaking English will be helpful on the job front and on the international stage – but this does not mean that it should be a required course for students at Qatar University. The job prospects of Americans would certainly be improved if they had knowledge of

Surgical Sites Infection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Surgical Sites Infection - Research Paper Example Surgical infections were a very common eventuality from the early 19th Century. Evidently, the sheer magnitude of the risk imposed by SSIs to both the medical practitioners and, in particular, patients cannot be overlooked. Its impact on the healthcare system is truly innate-costs, mortality, and morbidity. In the year 1992, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) renamed all infections related to operation procedures from surgical wound infections to surgical site infections for a wider coverage and more accurate representation of related infections. The close relationship between healthcare practice, mortality, morbidity, and the cost element associated with the aforementioned shall constitute the crux of the case for greater innovation for effective SSIs management. It is possible that majority of SSIs are preventable. To this end several bodies are tasked with the responsibilities of policy formulation (guidelines and recommendations) that are aimed towards largely preventing and co ntrolling surgical site infections by all healthcare professionals. Although there has been much improvements in surgical site infections prevention, hospital acquired infections continue to increase globally (Alvarado, 2000). Most contamination by SSIs occurs through contamination of the incision by microorganisms from the body of the patient during surgery. Consequently it is prudent that in light of this mechanism of infection that substantial reduction of SSI infections can be undertaken in essentially one of three stages: Pre-operation phase, intra-operation phase, and post-operation phase. In the pre-operation phase, I observe how surgical practices influence patient-infection right before undergoing the surgical procedure itself. The larger working area in surgical operations is the skin. Various types of bacteria inhabit the skin with up to 50% being staphylococcus. The primary source of wound infection during surgical operation has been found to be the skin. Evidence from a research done on the effects of body disinfection on intra-operation wound infection shows that by washing the skin where the incision is to be made with a pre-operation wash having chlorhexidine reduces the bacteria add up on the skin by eighty to ninety percent, and as such a reduction in the wound infection (Bryne, Cuschieri, Napier, & Phillips, 2003). A ten year research on 62,939 wounds determine whether or not the removal of hair from the skin to be operated on (shaving) and its timing could be contributive to surgical site infections. It was established that infection risk amplifies with the increase in duration of the time spent between shaving and conduction of the actual operation. Surgical sites that were shaved two hours before surgery were found to have a clean wound infection rate of 2.3% (Cruse & Foord, 2000).Where the body hair was clipped instead of being shaven recorded a clean wound infection rate of 1.7%. Where the body hair was neither shaved nor clipped, the w ound infection rate was seen to drop to a mere 0.9%.The study concluded that where shaving is essential before surgery, then it should be done as closest to the commencement of the surgery as possible. Perhaps the most successful method of combating surgical site infections was seen through the pioneering use of antiseptic surgery by Ignaz

Disneys Acquisition Of Pixar Media Essay

Disneys Acquisition Of Pixar Media Essay In January 2006, the US based media and entertainment company Walt Disney announced that it would acquire its animation partner Pixar for US$ 7.4 billion in stock. The deal was expected to be finalized by mid-2006. Disney had already been in partnership for producing and distributing animation films with Pixar since 1991. However, in January 2004, owing to differences with Disneys then CEO Michael Eisner, Pixar had announced that it would partner with another distribution company in 2006. But Robert Iger, who took over from Eisner on September 30, 2005, revived talks with Pixar and finally succeeded in acquiring it. Our project will examine the partnership agreement between Disney and Pixar and the incidents that led to the break-up of ties. We will discuss how the new CEO Robert Iger, who succeeded Michael Eisner, went on to re-establish ties with Pixar and Steve Jobs, who held 50.6% equity stake in Pixar. The questions we seek to answer through this case are: Is there a synergy between Disney and Pixar? Did Disney pay too much to acquire Pixar? Is the Pixar acquisition in the best interest of Disneys shareholders? Will the difference in corporate culture allow Disney and Pixar to work effectively together? Will this acquisition be successful? History The Disney Story Walt Disney Animation Studios is the subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. It was founded in 1934 when Walt Disney initiated the production of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which was Walt Disneys first feature length animation film. The move however started in 1937, when selected animators from the shorts division were moved into the features division. Snow White was an unprecedented success when it was released in February 1938. It moved critics and audiences alike and is considered one of the true animation classics of all times. After, the viability of feature length animation was firmly established with the success of Snow White, WDAS would go on to make a series of critically acclaimed and successful animated features like Dumbo, Cinderella. They would also expand into new segments like live action features, television and theme parks. Since its founders death in 1966, The Walt Disney Company had narrowly survived takeover attempts by corporate raiders. Its shareholders Sid Bass and Roy E. Disney brought on Michael Eisner and former Warner Brothers chief Frank Wells to replace Ron W. Miller in 1984 and turn the company around. During the second half of the 1980s and early 1990s, Disney revitalized. Beginning with The Little Mermaid (1989), its flagship animation studio enjoyed a series of commercial and critical successes that helped reinvigorate the American animation industry. Disney also broadened its adult offerings in film when then Disney Studio Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg acquired Miramax Films in 1993. Disney acquired many other media sources, including ABC and ESPN. However, by this time, the competitive scenario changed again. Many new studios had risen up and were producing high quality animated features. Also there was significant tiredness and indifference from the audience who had had enough of Disneys storytelling and animation styles. The rise of new studios also increased demand for artists and stencillers, driving salaries up, causing the budgets of hand drawn animation features to inflate. The rise of Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) was also eating into Disneys market share. Starting from 2000 onwards, massive layoffs had reduced staff to 600. Also the Studio decided to focus on CGI animation for future releases instead of the traditional animation methods to compete with Pixar, Dreamworks and Blue Sky Studios. This led to the shutdown of the Paris Studio in 2003 and the conversion of the Orlando Studio into a theme park attraction in 2004. Michael Eisner Story In 1976, the Chairman of Paramount Pictures, recruited Michael Eisner from ABC and made him president and CEO of the movie studio. During his tenure at Paramount, the studio turned out such hit films as Saturday Night Fever, Grease, the Star Trek film franchise, and Beverly Hills Cop, and hit TV shows such as Happy Days, Laverne Shirley, Cheers and Family Ties. Diller, the Chairman of Paramount, left in 1984, and Eisner expected to assume Dillers position as studio chief. But he was passed over. Eisner then lobbied for the position of CEO of The Walt Disney Company. Michael Eisner took over as CEO of the Walt Disney Company in 1984 and turned it into a media giant whose interests included movies, sports franchises, theme parks and television networks. During the early part of the 1990s, Eisner and his partners set out to plan The Disney Decade which was to feature new parks around the world, existing park expansions, new films, and new media investments. While some of the proposals did follow through, most did not. These included the Euro Disney Resort (now Disneyland Paris), Disney-MGM Studios (now Disneys Hollywood Studios), Disneys California Adventure Park, Disney-MGM Studios Paris (eventually opened in 2002 as Walt Disney Studios Park), and various film projects Frank Wells, COO of Walt Disney. died in a helicopter crash in 1994. When Jeffery Katzenberg was passed over for Wells post, he resigned and formed Dreamworks SKG with partners Steven Spielberg and David Geffen. Dreamworks would go on to become one of the biggest and most successful movie studios of all time and a big competitor to Disneys animation features. Instead, Eisner appointed Michael Ovitz, one of the founders of the Creative Artists Agency, to be President, with minimal involvement from Disneys board of directors, which included many influential and respected members. Ovitz lasted only 14 months and left Disney in December 1996 via a no fault termination with a severance package of $38 million in cash and 3 million stock options worth roughly $100 million at the time of Ovitzs departure. The Ovitz episode left a bad taste in the mouth and people were very disappointed with Eisners high handedness and autocratic style of working. By 2003, Disneys fortunes had flagged and Roy E. Disney, the son of Disney co-founder Roy O. Disney and nephew of Walt Disney, resigned from his positions as Disney vice chairman and chairman of Walt Disney Feature Animation, accusing Eisner of micromanagement, flops with the ABC television network, timidity in the theme park business, turning the Walt Disney Company into a rapacious, soul-less company, and refusing to establish a clear succession plan, as well as a string of box-office movie flops starting in the year 2000. On March 3, 2004, at Disneys annual shareholders meeting, a surprising and unprecedented 43% of Disneys shareholders, predominantly rallied by former board members Roy Disney and Stanley Gold, withheld their proxies to re-elect Eisner to the board. This effectively ended Eisners stint at Disney. On March 13, 2005, Eisner announced that he would step down as CEO one year before his contract expired. Eisners replacement was his longtime assistant, Robert Iger. The Pixar Story Pixar started in 1979 as the Graphics Group, a part of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm.It is based in Emeryville, California. It was launched with the hiring of Dr. Ed Catmull from the New York Institute of Technology (NYIT), where he was in charge of the Computer Graphics Lab (CGL).. The team at Pixar under Dr. Catmull worked on creating Motion Doctor, which allowed traditional cel animators to use computer animation with minimal training. Initially, Pixar started off as a computer hardware company whose core product was the Pixar Image Computer, a system primarily sold to government agencies and the medical community. One of Pixar Image Computers biggest customers was Disney Studios. However, The Image Computer never sold well. In a bid to drive sales of the system, Pixar employee John Lasseter-who had long been creating short demonstration animations, such as Luxo Jr., to show off the devices capabilities-premiered his creations at SIGGRAPH, the computer graphics industrys largest convention, to great fanfare. This would begin Pixars journey into the world of animated feature films. Poor sales of Pixars computers threatened to bankrupt the company, And Lasseters animation department began producing computer-animated commercials for outside companies to bring in much needed revenue. Early successes included campaigns for Tropicana, Listerine, and LifeSavers. The team began working on film sequences produced by their parent, Lucasfilm or worked collectively with Industrial Light and Magic, ILM is another Lucasfilm company, on special effects. In 1986, Steve Jobs purchased Pixar from Lucas Films shortly after he left Apple Computer. Jobs paid $10 million as capital into the company. The newly independent company had 45 employees and was headed by Dr. Edwin Catmull, President, and Dr. Alvy Ray Smith, Executive Vice President and Director. Jobs served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Pixar. Pixar has made 10 feature films beginning with Toy Story in 1995 and each one has achieved critical and commercial success. Pixar followed Toy Story with A Bugs Life in 1998, Toy Story 2 in 1999, Monsters, Inc. in 2001, Finding Nemo in 2003 (which is, to date, the most commercially successful Pixar film, grossing over $800 million worldwide), The Incredibles in 2004, Cars in 2006, Ratatouille in 2007, WALL-E in 2008, and Up in 2009 (the first Pixar film presented in Disney Digital 3-D). John Lasseter Story Lasseter was born in Hollywood, California. When he was in college., he heard of a new program at California Institute of the Arts and decided to leave his current college to follow his dream of becoming an animator.. Lasseter was taught by three members of Disneys Nine Old Men Eric Larson, Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston. On graduation in 1978 , Lasseter joined The Walt Disney Company, as a Jungle Cruise skipper at Disneyland in Anaheim. He later obtained a job as an animator at Walt Disney Feature Animation, Since the release of 101 Dalmatians in 1961, Lasseter felt WDFA had hit its creative peak and there was no innovation coming through in either the animation or the storytelling. In 1980 or 1981 he came across some video tapes from one of the then new computer-graphics conferences, and he experienced as a revelation.He saw the huge potential of this new technology in revitalizing the creative juices at WDFA. Lasseter realized that computers could be used to make movies with three dimensional backgrounds where traditionally animated characters could interact to add a new, visually stunning depth that had not been conceived before. During this time, Lasseter tried to sell his ideas to Disneys top bosses and he got the approval to do a short test film on the famous story Where the Wild things are. However,he unknowingly stepped on some of their direct superiors toes by circumventing them in their enthusiasm to get the project into motion. One of them, the animation administrator Ed Hansen disliked it so much that when Lasseter and Wilhite tried to sell the idea to him and Ron Miller, which they at that time were already aware of, they turned it down. A few minutes after the meeting, Lasseter was summoned by Hansen to his office, where John was told that his employment in the Walt Disney Studios had been terminated. While putting together a crew for the planned feature for Disney, he had made some contacts in the computer industry, among them Alvy Ray Smith and Ed Catmull at Lucasfilm Computer Graphics Group. After being fired, Lasseter visited a computer graphics conference at the Queen Mary in Long Beach, where he met and talked to Catmull again. Before the day was over, Lasseter had made a deal to work as an interface designer with Catmull and his colleagues on a project that resulted in their first computer animated short: The Adventures of Andrà © and Wally B. Lasseter oversaw all of Pixars films and associated projects as executive producer. He also personally directed Toy Story, A Bugs Life, Toy Story 2, and Cars. Lasseter has won two Academy Awards, for Animated Short Film (Tin Toy), as well as a Special Achievement Award (Toy Story). He was also nominated on four other occasions in the category of Animated Feature, for both Cars (2006) and Monsters, Inc. (2001), in the Original Screenplay category for Toy Story (1995) and in the Animated Short category for Luxo, Jr. (1986), while the short Knick Knack (1989) was selected by Director Terry Gilliam as one of the ten best animated films of all time. Corporate Culture at Pixar At most studios, a specialized development department generated new movie ideas. Pixar assembles cross-company teams for this purpose. Teams comprise directors, writers, artists and storyboard people who originate and refine ideas until they have the potential to become great films. Pixar believes in finding people who will work effectively together and ensures a healthy social dynamics in the team and this, they believe helps the team solve problems. Another important tenet in Pixar is the creation of a peer culture, where employees encourage people throughout the company to help each other produce their best work. At Pixar, daily animation work is shown in an incomplete state to the whole crew. This process helps people get over any embarrassment about sharing unfinished work, so they become even more creative. It enables creative leads to communicate important points to the entire crew at once. And sometimes a innovative piece of animation sparks others to raise their game. At Pixar, the belief is that, the most efficient way to resolve the numerous problems that arise in any complex project is to trust people to address difficulties directly, without having to get permission. So, everyone is given permission to communicate to anyone. Within Pixar, members of any department can approach anyone in another department to solve problems without having to go through proper channels. Managers understand they dont always have to be the first to know about something going on in their realm, and that its okay to walk into a meeting and be surprised. Special attention is given to craft a learning environment, this reinforces the mindset that everyone is learning and that its fun to learn together. Pixar University trains people in multiple skills as they advance in their careers. It also offers optional courses (screenplay writing, drawing, sculpting) so people from different disciplines can interact and appreciate what each other does. While many people dislike Post-Mortems of projects as they would rather discuss what went right than what went wrong and after investing extensive time on a project, theyd like to move on. So post-mortems at Pixar are structured to stimulate discussion. Pixar asks post mortem participants to list the top five things theyd do again and the top five things they wouldnt do. The positive-negative balance makes it a safer environment to explore every aspect of the project. Participants also bring in lots of performance data including metrics such as how often something had to be reworked. Data further stimulates discussions and challenges assumptions based on subjective impressions. Corporate Culture at Disney Under autocratic former CEO Michael Eisner, control rather than collaboration was the norm and unit heads became afraid or unable to make decisions. With Disney vying for a share of digital market, the timing of the upheaval could hardly have been worse. Fortunately, new chief executive Bob Iger is a completely different animal to Eisner and immediately set out to restore harmony. Achieving this involved transforming the culture rules almost beyond recognition. Unlike his predecessor, Iger: Rules by consensus Shows faith in his subordinates And is willing to keep a low profile and let others take the plaudits. No longer shackled by central control, key players in the organization now enjoy greater freedom to call the shots. And while Eisner overtly pooh-poohed any ideas he did not like, Iger values and encourages the contributions of others. Consequently, during weekly meetings the dialogue no longer flows just one way. The CEO visits rank and file to show them that their efforts are appreciated and has made his office a more welcoming place. This might seems as trivial gestures to some but the effect on morale can be priceless. But perhaps Igers most significant attribute is the trust he places in his people to get the job done. In contrast, Eisner cramped the style of others by insisting on being involved in anything and everything. In time, Disney gained a reputation of being slow to react. But Iger tells his people to go for it and will only get involved when it is absolutely necessary. Igers back seat style of leadership has allowed scriptwriters more freedom and the studio chief greater decision making power. Disney and Pixar: The Partnership During the 90s there was an explosive growth in the use of CGI in animation and live action feature films. Soon CGI animation came to dominate special effects in both kinds of features. The barrier between animation and special effects were shattered and the enhancement of Hollywood films using CGI became second nature and often went unnoticed. In 1991, due to losses suffered from their computer hardware business, there was serious financial strife at Pixar. This resulted in substantial layoffs in their computer department. Pixar made a $26 million deal with Disney to produce three computer-animated feature films, the first of which was Toy Story. Despite this, the company was losing money and Steve Jobs was thinking about divesting his shares in Pixar. Only after confirming that Disney would distribute Toy Story for the 1995 holiday season did he decide to give it another chance. The film went on to gross more than $350 million worldwide. Disagreements started to crop up between Disney and Pixar from their next project together, Toy Story 2. Originally intended as a straight-to-video release (and thus not part of Pixars three-picture deal), the film was eventually upgraded to a theatrical release during production. Disney refused to consider this feature film as part of the three picture deal as demanded by Pixar. Pixars first five feature films have collectively grossed more than $2.5 billion, equivalent to the highest per-film average gross in the industry. Though profitable for both, Pixar later complained that the arrangement was not equitable. While Pixar was created and produced, and Disney only handled marketing and distribution, Profits and production costs were being split 50-50, and not only that, Disney exclusively owned all story and sequel rights and also collected a distribution fee. The lack of story and sequel rights was perhaps the most onerous aspect to Pixar and set the stage for a contentious relat ionship. The two companies attempted to reach a new agreement in early 2004. The new deal would be only for distribution, as Pixar intended to control production and own the resulting film properties themselves. The company also wanted to finance their films on their own and collect 100 percent of the profits, paying Disney only the 10 to 15 percent distribution fee. More importantly, as part of any distribution agreement with Disney, Pixar demanded control over films already in production under their old agreement, including The Incredibles and Cars. Disney considered these conditions unacceptable, but Pixar would not concede. Disagreements between Steve Jobs and then Disney Chairman and CEO Michael Eisner made the negotiations more difficult than they otherwise might have been. They broke down completely in mid-2004, with Jobs declaring that Pixar was actively seeking partners other than Disney. Pixar did not enter negotiations with other distributors. After a lengthy hiatus, negotiations between the two companies resumed following the departure of Eisner from Disney in September 2005. In preparation for potential fallout between Pixar and Disney, Jobs announced in late 2004 that Pixar would no longer release movies at the Disney-dictated November time frame, but during the more lucrative early summer months. This would also allow Pixar to release DVDs for their major releases during the Christmas shopping season. An added benefit of delaying Cars was to extend the time frame remaining on the Pixar-Disney contract to see how things would play out between the two companies. Acquisition by Disney Disney announced on January 24, 2006 that it had agreed to buy Pixar for approximately $7.4 billion in an all-stock deal. Following Pixar shareholder approval, the acquisition was completed May 5, 2006. The transaction catapulted Steve Jobs, who was the majority shareholder of Pixar with 50.1%, to Disneys largest individual shareholder with 7% and a new seat on its board of directors. Jobs new Disney holdings exceed holdings belonging to ex-CEO Michael Eisner, the previous top shareholder, who still held 1.7%; and Disney Director Emeritus Roy E. Disney, who held almost 1% of the corporations shares. As part of the deal, Pixar co-founder John Lasseter, by then Executive Vice President, became Chief Creative Officer (reporting to President and CEO Robert Iger and consulting with Disney Director Roy Disney) of both Pixar and the Walt Disney Animation Studios, as well as the Principal Creative Adviser at Walt Disney Imagineering, which designs and builds the companys theme parks. Catmull retained his position as President of Pixar, while also becoming President of Walt Disney Animation Studios, reporting to Bob Iger and Dick Cook, chairman of Walt Disney Studio Entertainment. Steve Jobs position as Pixars Chairman and Chief Executive Officer was also removed, and instead he took a place on the Disney board of directors. Lasseter and Catmulls oversight of both the Disney and Pixar studios did not mean that the two studios were merging, however. In fact, additional conditions were laid out as part of the deal to ensure that Pixar remained a separate entity, a concern that analysts had had about the Disney deal.Some of those conditions were that Pixar HR policies would remain intact, including the lack of employment contracts. Also, the Pixar name was guaranteed to continue, and the studio would remain in its current Emeryville, California location with the Pixar sign. Finally, branding of films made post-merger would be Disneyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Pixar (beginning with Cars). EXHIBITS Name of Feature Film Studio Total Gross 1 The Lion King(1994) Disney $783,841,776 2 Finding Nemo(2004) Disney/Pixar $864,625,978 3 Shrek(2001) Dreamworks $484,409,218 4 Monsters Inc(2001) Disney/Pixar $525,366,597 5 Toy Story 2(1999) Disney/Pixar $485,752,179 6 Aladdin(1992) Disney $504,050,219 7 Snow White(1937) Disney $184,925,486 8 Ice Age(2002) 20th Century Fox $383,257,136 9 Incredibles(2004) Pixar $631,442,092 10 The Little Mermaid(1989) Disney $183,355,863 Exhibit 1 : Top Grossing Animated Feature Films Exhibit 2 Disney Stock Price from Aug 06 to Jun 07 We start off our analysis using Porters Five Forces of Competition to understand Disneys situation in the industry and the rationale behind its actions. Threat of New Entrants Bargaining Power of Suppliers Bargaining Power of Buyers Threat of Substitutes Rivalry among competing firms Threat of new entrants: CGI animation movie industry is a robust industry which is urdergoing a period of phenomenal growth. This is an attractive segment for movie studios to venture into as revenues from live action movies are falling while their budget rises ever higher. CGI animation movies are an interesting option for many movie studio to increase their toplines without hurting their bottomlines. In this regard, we have seen many established movie studios partner with independent animation studios from within and outside the United States in creating CGI animation movies. While, these movies have not been able to garner the critical or commercial acclaim of that of Pixar, the quality and quantity of such outsourced CGI animation movies are increasing YoY and represent a significant threat to the market pull of existing players in the segment. So we would rate the threat of new entrants as high. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Resources needed for making CGI animation are the technology behind the animation, the story and the animators. Pixar has been a pioneer in creating the technology for animation and with its acquisition, Disney has backward integrated with its supplier, hence reducing the uncertainty in its environment. Both Disney and Pixar have a large team of dedicated scriptwriters and animators, all of whom work under short or long term employment contracts, the loss of a few of the talent will not reduce the quality of the output of either Studios. However, scriptwriters in US are unionized and have in the past gone on strike against major studios to renegotiate revenue sharing agreements from movie revenue. The strike cost studios hundreds of millions of dollars in lost opportunities, movie shooting delays and cost overruns. So the employees cannot be taken for granted and Disney will have to strike a fine balancing act to please both it employees and shareholder s if it wants to get the best work of the employees. We would rate the bargaining power of suppliers as medium. Bargaining Power of Buyers: While in the past, almost the entire revenue receipts from movies came from the theatergoing public within the US, due to the effects of globalization and technology diffusion, the receipts can now be classified on basis of geography and the mode of delivery of content. Worldwide movie market outside United States have become big movie spinners for Hollywood movies, sometimes receipts from offshore markets exceed that of the US market. The important markets outside of US for Hollywood movies are: Japan United Kingdom China Europe Studios sells distribution rights of their movie to other studios, who are often better placed to reach out to these markets. Since Disney and Pixar have a large brand following and pull, they are better placed that most other studios to negotiate for more favourable distribution contracts. Since all movies made by Pixar till now have been movie spinners for everyone associated with it, Disney has considerable clout in negotiating for contracts. The mode of delivery of movie content can be classified into: Theatrical Release DVD Release Internet Release Satellite TV Release Other than a theatrical release, the release of DVDs and the Satellite TV rights of the movie are a significant revenue stream. The reasons stated earlier regarding Disney and Pixars unique brand placement help them negotiate the best contracts in both types of releases. Internet release is a new phenomenon and is not a significant enough part of the revenue to affect the dynamics. Overall, we would rate the bargaining power of buyers to be low. Threat of Substitute Products: A big threat facing movie studios in general is movie piracy. Piracy is causing a meltdown in both movie and the music industry causing many studios to fail and others to change their business model. Piracy initially started off with CDs and DVDs, but with the advent and diffusion of broadband internet, online piracy is on the rise. Piracy since the 80s has been the biggest threat to the survival of movie studios as they lose billions of dollars worth of revenue receipts because of it. Since CGI movies appeal to all demographics, live action as well as traditional animated movies can be thought of as substitute products. However, historical data suggests that there is considerable cross selling between these genres and it is unlikely that somebodys interest in a different genre is going to prevent him from watching CGI movies. Overall, We would rate the threat of substitute products as medium. Intensity of Competition among existing players: The existing players in the segment are very aggressive and spend a lot on advertising and media to promote their movies. Further consolidation within the industry looks unlikely in the short term future as most studios in the segment have backers with deep pockets. Looking into the future as the frequency of CGI movie releases by major studios increases, the intensity of competition and one upmanship between studios will rise inflating budgets and reducing margins. So, we would rate the intensity of competition between existing players as high. We will summarize the competitive scenario in this grid. Threat of New Entrants High Bargaining Power of Suppliers Medium Bargaining Power of Buyers Low Threat of Substitutes Medium Rivalry among competing firms High As you can see, Disney is functioning within a dynamic environment with a fairly high degree of uncertainty. We have tried to analyze the reasons behind Disneys acquisition by breaking down the reasons of why companies go for MA. Given below is a pictorial representation of the same, Reason 1: To Increase Market Power When a firms size, resources and capabilities increase, it increases its ability to compete. With the acquisition of Pixar, Disney gains access to Pixars pool of talented artists and creative and technical teams. These artists and content developers are big assets in this industry as good talent is hard to find and harder to replace. With the increase in resources, Disney Pixar combine can create more movies per year potentially resulting in a significant value addition to Disney. Reason 2: Horizontal Acquisition Companies go in for acquisitions of firms competing in the same marketspace for obtaining: Cost Based Synergies Revenue Based Synergies This is an obvious case of the latter. Pixars last six movies have reportedly earned more than $ 2.5/3.2 billion in total whereas Disneys last movie Chicken Little was only a moderate success. Disney plans to exploit Pixars creative and technical teams in combination with its well established and huge distribution system to increase its revenue. Disney in recent years have been unable to connect with its audience and hence create movies that have become blockbusters to the tune of Pixars movies. This acquisition will help Disney leverage Pixars content generation expertise with Disneys distribution expertise, helping them realize the maximum amount of revenue from both the domains. Reason 3: Cost of New-Product Development and Increased Speed to Market Internal development of a new product, CGI movies, in this case is risky. From Pixars point of view, they were an independent studio without the monetary muscle of a media giant like Disney, this would mean that Pixar is likely to be conservative with the b